Al-Noor Journal for Humanities

Abstract Emancipatory discourse is a form of communication that empowers marginalized voices, encourages collective action, and reinforces values such as unity, accountability, and solidarity. The study explores the role of emancipatory discourse in political speeches, focusing on its ability to address societal crises, promote social justice, and strengthen social cohesion. Adopting Van Dijk's (1988. 1995, 2005) socio-cognitive model, the study examines the strategies used to foster unity, accountability, and resilience in political speeches, and the role of political leaders in shaping social structures through emancipatory communication. The analysis focuses on a speech by Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shia' Al-Sudani following Al- Hamdaniya fire tragedy. The study identifies strategies such as Norm Expression and Authority, which reinforce societal norms and credibility, while National Self-Glorification and consensus promote national unity and social cohesion. The study emphasizes the importance of empathetic and inclusive communication in addressing systemic failures and inspiring collective action, particularly in divided contexts like Iraq. The study concludes that the speech effectively addresses the Hamdaniya tragedy using inclusive language, promoting solidarity, accountability, and hope, demonstrating the power of words to heal and inspire change.

Abstract      This paper attempts to investigate the topic in both Arabic and English from a systematic functional grammar. It gives a synopsis of the subjects in Arabic and their translation into English. Additionally, it provides a broad description of the systemic functional grammar's methodology, particularly the Hally Dian model. This paper aims at investigating the subject in English and their Arabic realizations. It also identifies the subject in “Heart of Darkness” and evaluates the used by the translators to see whether they succeed or fail in realizing the subject in Arabic. The modal adopted is that of Halliday (1985, and 1994) and Halliday and Mathiesen (2004, and 2014). In terms of translation, the semantic vs. communicative translation categories proposed by Newmark (1988) are used. The paper concludes that in both English and Arabic, the subject is realized through the mood system. Certain similarities and differences are emphasized. When rendering the subject in Arabic writings, translators use semantic rather than communicative translation.

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the impact of an instructional approach, referred to as "Word Quest," on enhancing engagement and enjoyment in English language learning among 30 3rd-grade primary pupils from Al-Nasser School, Baghdad, Al-Mansour. The research focused on assessing students' feelings, preferences, and experiences related to engagement and enjoyment in the learning process. A pre-test/post-test design was employed, with an experimental group receiving instruction using the "Word Quest" approach and a control group receiving traditional instruction. The results showed that the experimental group reported higher levels of excitement and interest when learning new words, enjoyed vocabulary puzzles and word-building games, preferred practicing English through role-playing and conversations, and found adventure and fantasy books most interesting. Conversely, the control group exhibited lower levels of engagement in certain areas, although they still expressed some degree of interest and enjoyment. The study also found an improvement in vocabulary and grammar acquisition by a rate of 15Points when learning with a game-based strategy, whereas the control group who continued to learn with the traditional methods witnessed an improvement of only 10Points. These findings suggest that the "Word Quest" approach, with its interactive and engaging activities, successfully enhanced student engagement and enjoyment in English language learning.

Abstract      Threatening language is a ubiquitous feature of human communication, with the potential to elicit fear, anxiety, and even violence. In Arabic-speaking cultures, where honor and reputation are deeply intertwined with identity, threatening language can be particularly potent and insidious, taking it as a means of social control and manipulation. This study investigates the pragmatic representation of threats in Arabic messages, with a focus on the linguistic features that contribute to the threat's effectiveness. Drawing on a corpus of authentic Arabic texts, this research employs a pragmatic analysis to examine the speech acts, politeness strategies, and interactional features that speakers (threateners) employ to convey threatening messages. The findings demonstrate that threatening in Arabic communication is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon, characterized by a range of pragmatic mechanisms that serve to intimidate, coerce, or manipulate the recipient. The findings highlight the need to distinguish between different types of threatening language, including direct and indirect threats, and explicit and implicit threats. This study contributes to our understanding of the pragmatics of threatening in Arabic communication and has implications for the development of effective strategies for managing and mitigating threatening behaviour in a range of contexts.

Abstract This study investigates the phenomenon of lexical borrowing in restatements by Iraqi scholars from English to Arabic, fastening on how Iraqi learners incorporate English terms while rephrasing Donald Trump's speeches. This phenomenon presents a challenge in restatement between two linguistically distinct languages, similar as English and Arabic. The end of the study is to explore the pattern of lexical borrowing through the analysis of 200 pupil restatements. The methodology employed in this exploration involves both quantitative and qualitative analysis. Samples were collected from Iraqi undergraduate scholars majoring in English and restatement. The study categorizes the types of lexical borrowing used by the scholars, similar as coinages or calques, and analyzes these samples using textbook analysis tools to examine the relationship between the type of borrowing and restatement quality. The results showed that lexical borrowing was wide among the scholars, with significant variation in its use depending on the textbook sphere. The study set up those scholars tended to overuse borrowing, particularly in specialized and political disciplines. It concluded that while lexical borrowing can be an effective tool in certain surrounds, inordinate adopting negatively impacts restatement clarity and quality in other cases.

Abstract     This study tackles investigating pragmatic equivalence in the dubbing of English-language films into Arabic, highlighting the linguistic, cultural, and technical challenges involved. It explores how politeness strategies, humour, irony, and idiomatic expressions are adapted to maintain the communicative intent of the source text while ensuring synchronization. Utilizing a comparative analytical approach, the research assesses the effectiveness of various translation strategies in preserving meaning and enhancing audience. Baker’s (1992) model of equivalence and Grice’s (1975) Cooperative Principle serve as theoretical frameworks for evaluating linguistic adaptations. The findings reveal that while direct translation may hinder pragmatic equivalence, adaptive techniques such as domestication can enhance cultural appropriateness. This study contributes to the field of audio-visual translation by providing insights into improving the quality of Arabic-speaking audiences.

Abstract The present study is an attempt to analyze the politeness strategies presented in the English language textbook content presented to pupils at primary school level. Usually, politeness, as a linguistic topic, cannot be introduced directly to pupils at this level of learning. Instead, it is presented indirectly throughout the content of the textbook to build a sense of linguistic politeness. The current is an attempt to analyze the variant politeness strategies presented to pupils through textbook conversation and what is the rate of exposing the pupils to these variant strategies. The aim of the study is to point out the politeness strategies embodied in the conversations of the sixth primary’s English student textbook and map out their use and frequency. The study sets a hypothesis that the textbook makes use of different politeness strategies presented indirectly to the English language learner. The study identifies and analyzes these strategies using Brown and Levinson (1987) model of politeness superstrategies taking the sixth’s primary English textbook as a source of data. The study value lies in the fact that it tries to analyze whether the textbook presents (or neglects) some politeness strategies over others.

Abstract Deletion is one of the main issues in the Arabic language. Grammarians and rhetoricians have devoted separate sections to it, and there is hardly a grammatical structure that does not include the deletion of some of its elements, to meet one of the purposes of, such as brevity, for example. Among the structures that are caused by what affects other of these usage shifts is the formation of the conditional, which is A composition consisting of the joining of two sentences that form a major sentence, and deletion may occur in some elements of this major sentence, which made the linguists each have their own opinion on this issue. They differed on schools of thought in interpreting the deviations from the original rule that occurs in the conditional sentence, which requires that The condition sentence comes after the answer sentence, and this rule is based on the logical understanding of the condition sentence and its basic meaning, stemming from the meaning of the linguistic and conventional condition, which is based on the concept of cause and effect, so the action of the condition is a cause for a certain result, and the latter is represented by the answer to the condition .It did not occur in some examples due to their differences in whether it belongs to the phenomenon of deletion, advancement, or delay.
What came after the Basran’s was in the form of deletion and needed an omitted approximation, followed by the Kufans in the form of precedence and delay, and then there is no need for an interpretation whose appraisal is omitted. It is known that the reason for this discrepancy is due to the apparent meaning of the Kufic school of thought and the interpretation of the Basri school of thought, and we have adopted it in interpreting the conditional sentences that We discussed it in this research.Among the poetic examples in which the forms of deletion varied in composition, the poetry is the poetry of Jassim Al-Ajja, an Iraqi Mosul poet, who has seven poetry collections, which are: (A sky that does not mean its clouds, An autumn that does not believe in yellowing, On behalf of the rain, Turns in the snow book, Grass finger dictates,Drawing on the mantle of the wind

Abstract The study aims to define the term aesthetics of ugliness in the poetry of Jarir, who was an outstanding poet of the Umayyad era, and whose poetry is characterized by biting sarcasm. Because it is one of the pillars of the antithetical satirical triangle of that era, and his collection contained complex poetic purposes, and was given priority over others. Because of its creativity, diversity, and abundance, it was chosen. Ugliness appears in Jarir’s poetry for many purposes, whether satire, praise, or in prosaic introductions, especially as he weaves his poems and molds them into formations of sarcasm, horror, begging, and myth. With its ugly background that exploits the frightening unseen with the ugliness of space-time, all of this came in a creative manner that shaped the poetic experience and imbued it with colors of creative beauty, and the possibility of combining ugliness and its opposite, beauty, in poetic texts and in one context and a comprehensive image. This term is problematic because of the contradiction between its two pillars. The method of effective skill in formulating poetic production is to employ ugliness and make it an aesthetic literary mat.

Abstract The conditional style is one of the styles that has received great attention from the fundamentalists first and the grammarians second; and this style is subject to deficiency by deleting one of its three elements: (the conditional tool, the conditional verb, and the answer verb), and it is also subject to excess; It is rare for it to come without appendices, or residues according to the grammarians, or specifications according to the scholars of the principles of jurisprudence, or restrictions according to the scholars of rhetoric. The difference in the name is only due to the difference in their view of that element. Grammarians looked at that addition in contrast to the attribution (the predicate and the one it is attributed to), as they called each of them the term “the mainstay.” That addition is not one of the components of the sentence according to them, so it can be omitted without disrupting the structure and meaning of the sentence. While rhetoricians, as guardians of meanings, looked at the benefit and its increase with the presence of those restrictions. As for the scholars of the principles of jurisprudence, their concern was to deduce rulings, so they looked at the structure on that basis; as the structure may be general or specific, the first is free of specifications, and the second is not free of them, and these specifications may specify the entire attribution or some of it. The researcher's view is a contextual view from two sides, the first: the grammatical function of that addition, and its position in the structure as a surplus, and the other side: its semantic function as one of the parts of the phenomenon of solidarity based on the principle of lack resulting from the coherence, such as the coherence of the ambiguous and its distinction and the dependents and their antecedent. Since the connection of these appendices is frequent in the conditional style, they may join the condition only or the answer only or both together, we preferred the appendices connected to the condition that is devoid of its answer, and these appendices may be single - that is, one appendix - or multiple combined - that is, more than one - so we chose the single ones among them, and these appendices may be single or structural like a sentence or similar, we chose the single ones among them, so our research came with an introduction and five demands, the first: the appendix of the attribute, the second: the appendix of the state, the third: the appendix of the copyist "was", the fourth: the appendix of emphasis, and the fifth: the appendix of distinction, followed by a conclusion with the most important findings of the research.                                                                                            

Abstract The phenomenon of Arabization is one of the methods of language growth and expansion over time. It is a phenomenon that has been known since ancient times and continues to this day; hence, we see that many linguistic studies have addressed it through research and analysis. It refers to the adaptation of phonetic material when Arabizing it to the sounds of Arabic. A close examination of this phenomenon reveals that the Arabization of Persian terms, both ancient and modern, is the most extensive in the context of foreign languages introduced into Arabic. A scholar studying this phenomenon clearly observes that it occurs through the substitution of sounds, their inversion, or the deletion or addition of certain letters; it can occur either among consonants or among vowels. In this research, we will focus on the topic of substitution among vowels This type of substitution in Arabic is known as “vocalism” which refers to the substitution and alteration of the vowel letter through either inversion, deletion, or stabilization, for the purpose of alleviation. The research aims to clarify the methods of vowel substitution in the Arabization of Persian words, using samples from the book “Al-Mu’arrab” by Al-Jawaliqi.The importance of this study lies in elucidating the purpose and reasons for which new vocabulary entered the Arabic language, as well as demonstrating how the Arabs dealt with the reformation of those terms to align with the nature of Arab life. The Arabic language has been, and continues to be, capable of growth and development in all eras, mirroring all foreign languages, particularly Persian, which is the subject of our research. Our research consists of five sections. The first section discusses the substitution by replacing a phoneme with a phoneme, The second section addresses the substitution by replacing a diacritical mark with a vowel (phoneme) (referred to as the elongation of vowels),the third section deals with the substitution by replacing a vowel (phoneme) with a diacritical mark (referred to as the shortening of vowels), the fourth section discusses the substitution by replacing a diacritical mark with a diacritical mark, The fifth section: vocalism by replacing the consonant letter with diacritical letter and by replacing the diacritical letter with consonant letter, and it consisted of two parts: the first part is vocalism by replacing the consonant letter with diacritical letter, and the second part is vocalism by replacing the diacritical letter with a consonant letter. We obtained several conclusions from the research, the most important of which are: There is no fixed rule for the Arabization of Persian or Arabic words, which allows the acceptance of all Arabized words for the same word; because Arabization often depends on linguistic phenomena, and on different Arabic dialects, which vary in their qualities and letter exits between one region and another, or between one tribe and another.

Abstract     Praise be to Allah, the Lord of all worlds, and peace and blessings be upon the Seal of the Prophets and Messengers, our master Muhammad, and upon his family and companions, and those who follow them with righteousness until the Day of Judgment .This study addresses the topic of “The Duality of Motion and Stillness in the Poetry of Ali ibn Jabala al-Akouk,” a renowned Abbasid poet known for his poetry that reflects the nature of life and existence through the depiction of motion and stillness in his verses. The research focuses on analyzing the poetic texts to uncover their artistic and aesthetic dimensions, with an emphasis on the meaningful connotations these concepts carry to enhance the aesthetic and philosophical depth of his poetry. The poet Ali ibn Jabala al-Akouk was chosen as the subject of this study due to his distinguished artistic techniques, robust poetic language, and refined poetic style. 

Abstract The aim of the current research is to identify logical thinking and creative imagination among students of Al-Anbar University and Damascus University, and the correlational relationship between them. To verify this, the researchers relied on the correlational descriptive methodology. The sample consisted of (440) male and female students from Al-Anbar University and Damascus University for the academic year 2024-2025, and the sample was chosen using simple random sampling. The researchers used two tools for the research: the logical thinking test prepared by Tobin & Capie (1981) after its Arabization and standardization on the research sample, which consists of (5) domains with (10) items, with five alternatives for items numbered (1-8), while items numbered (9, 10) require essay-type responses. The psychometric characteristics of the test were extracted, and its validity and reliability were confirmed, as the reliability coefficient using the test-retest method was (0.81). When calculated according to the Cronbach's alpha formula, the reliability coefficient reached (0.93), which is an acceptable value with very good reliability. In addition, a test was developed to measure creative imagination based on Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, which included (3) domains with (12) items, requiring essay-type answers. The researchers verified the psychometric properties of the test and ensured its validity and reliability, with a reliability coefficient using the test-retest method of (0.84), and reliability according to the domains of the test via split-half method ranging from (0.896-0.916), while for the overall test it reached (0.891), which is considered a good reliability coefficient according to the variance criterion. The researchers used several statistical methods, including: Internal correlation matrix, Pearson correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha, Spearman-Brown, one-sample t-test, and independent two-sample t-test. After administering the two tests to the sample individuals, the results showed the following:

There is logical thinking among students of Al-Anbar University and Damascus University.
There is no statistically significant difference in logical thinking between students of Al-Anbar University and students of Damascus University.
There is creative imagination among students of Al-Anbar University and Damascus University.
Students of Al-Anbar University have more creative imagination than students of Damascus University.
There is a strong correlational relationship between logical thinking and creative imagination

Abstract Rhetoric has a similar role when producing text, in relation to the elements that it employs to achieve impact. The richer the purposes and objectives, the more precise the connotations and structures, the more enjoyable and beneficial, the more effective and convincing, the more delicious and penetrating, the stronger and more connected, the more eloquent and correct the statement. The research may focus on the various differences between sentences linked by a specific semantic domain, where structures and expressions are presented, in which the recipient notices the connection of each noun to a specific context to achieve structural coherence in phrases and sentences, because the loyalty of the artistic style is for some to take precedence over others. The objectives of addressing this topic encompass several sublime values in the fields of the meaning of the beautiful names of God (Al-Qahir, Al-Qahhar), to be guided to the elegance of enjoyment and the splendor of persuasion, with the power of rhythm, to create in the recipient's memory a bond of brotherhood between the abundance of the mind and the depth of thought in structure and meaning, and the transparency of the heart and the power of influence. Based on this, the importance of this research lies in clarifying meanings according to the consequential and contrastive context. The article's axes include the following points

Abstract The current research aimed to identify scientific thinking and meta-mood among university students and what is the correlation between them. To verify this, the researcher adopted the descriptive correlational approach. The study sample consisted of (440) male and female students from Anbar University. The sample was selected using a simple random method. The researcher adopted two tools for the current study: the scientific thinking test prepared by (Al-Shammari, 2010) and consisting in its final form of (46) paragraphs with five-point alternatives. The psychometric properties of the test were extracted and its validity and reliability were confirmed. To measure the mood, the researcher constructed a scale consisting of (12) paragraphs with five-point alternatives distributed over (3) areas. The researcher extracted the psychometric properties of the test and confirmed its validity and reliability. The researcher used a number of statistical methods, including: Pearson's correlation coefficient, Spearman-Brown correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha, and the t test for a single sample. After collecting and analyzing the data, the researcher reached the results. The following:
- University students exhibit scientific thinking.
- University students have a good level of metacognition.
- There is a positive correlation between scientific thinking and metacognition.