Al-Noor Journal for Humanities

Abstract This study examines the representations of psychological trauma and the impact of war in Suzanne Collins’ novel “The Hunger Games: Mockingjay”, emphasizing the profound psychological effects that wars and conflicts have on individuals, particularly through the character of Katniss Everdeen. The study explores how the novel embodies symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including nightmares, panic, and loss of identity, thereby reflecting the psychological realities faced by war victims. Additionally, the study analyzes Collins’s perspective on war, which transcends mere physical confrontations to encompass the suffering and internal conflicts of survivors. By tracing Katniss’s journey, the research investigates the relationship between trauma and resistance, comparing the effects of violence both inside and outside the “Arena” on war fields. Ultimately, this aims to demonstrate how Collins employs literature to illuminate the psychological and social effects of war, making “Mockingjay” as a work that goes beyond the confines of young adult literature to address profound human issues. 

Abstract The paper analyzes the essential elements of teaching non-native speakers English for Medical Purposes (EMP). The prescriptive and descriptive patterns of teaching EMP are an analytical framework of course design to help teaching English at the College of Dentistry and enhance English skills. The paper's premise has been applied to examining the EMP curriculum, which covers medical terminology and English in the first, second, and third years of English courses. The goals, prerequisites, and genre have all been treated while analyzing the EMP course's teaching curriculum. Additionally, it demonstrated how effective these techniques are in helping students learn English and hone their communication skills. Finally, it is concluded that other dentistry colleges may improve quality assurance by including the EMP as a course design within their curriculum. The study also reveals that students need the possibility of ongoing evaluation to realize their English performance potential.  

Abstract The paper is an attempt to analyze selected extracts from Gillian Flynn's Gone Girl (2013) (1) in a critical stylistic perspective. The novel portrays the life of Amy Dunne character, who disappears from her home because she feels about the collapse of her marital relationship. The writer describes Amy as an intelligent woman, financially capable, and has achieved many ambitions in her life. She is a famous children's stories writer. However, she makes her husband under control throughout negative actions, including lying and committing a murder. The aim of the study is to explore woman's empowerment as an ideology in such literary work and the social and the psychological impacts on the readers. The standard analytical system "Equating and contrasting" presented by Lesley Jeffries' approach (2010) (2) serves as a useful tool for examining the selected passages. It is based on a linguistic model of equivalence and opposition which facilitates the analysis of how their textual constructions are used to represent the sameness and oppositeness between Amy and her husband. The basic linguistic features that can be contribute to this analysis are linguistic triggers along with parallel structures. By comparing the way of describing Amy and her husband, the results uncover the ideological representation of woman's empowerment in the novel, both in positive and negative terms. This ideology affects social and the psychological perceptions of the readers.

Abstract English loanwords used in daily conversation of Mosuli dialect that contain the affricates voiceless /ʧ/ and voiced /ʤ/ attract little or no attention as far as the acoustic cues are concerned: “friction duration” (FD) and “silence duration” (SD). Mosuli EFL learners from department of English, college of Education for Humanities took part in this research pronouncing English words and Mosuli English loanwords containing English and Mosuli Arabic affricates; [ʧ͡ , d͡ʒ]EN,MA and /ʧ, ʤ/EN,MA  used in the same context in daily conversation. The basic aim of this research is to conduct an acoustic investigation between the English loanwords used in Mosuli dialect and English ones containing affricate sounds in various positions. Results showed that Iraqi Mosuli EFL learners were able to differentiate between the pronunciation of the affricates [ʧ͡]EN, /ʧ/MA and [d͡ʒ]EN, /ʤ/ MA in certain contexts. Additionally, mother tongue Mosuli sounds /ʧ/MA, /ʤ/MA had a significant role in learning [ʧ͡]EN, [d͡ʒ]EN of isolated words since Iraqi EFL learners did not have a difficulty in pronouncing [ʧ͡]EN, /ʧ/MA and [d͡ʒ]EN, /ʤ/ MA in certain contexts.

Abstract Apprendre le français langue étrangère peut être un défi pour de nombreux étudiants. Cela se reflète souvent dans les erreurs qu'ils commettent à l'oral comme à l'écrit. Ces erreurs peuvent être résulter des différences entre la langue maternelle de l'étudiant et la langue cible, ainsi que de la complexité de certaines grammaires françaises. En  même temps, la remédiation des erreurs pose un dilemme majeur aux enseignants. Cette recherche abordera la remédiation des erreurs fréquentes que rencontrent les étudiants dans les deux domaines principaux : l'expression orale et l'expression écrite. Tout d’abord, nous présenterons un aperçu des deux termes étroitement liés dans ce domaine qui sont l'erreur et la faute, ainsi que des différences entre eux. Ensuite, nous évoquerons brièvement les principales sources d’erreurs langagières qui sont les erreurs intralinguales et interlinguales. Par la suite, nous connaîtrons une classification globale détaillée des erreurs possibles commises par l'étudiant.  Ensuite, la mention du rôle de l’enseignant dans la connaissance des besoins fondamentaux de l’étudiant voire connaitre les raisons directes et indirectes qui conduisent souvent l’étudiant à commettre des erreurs. Ensuite, une présentation intégrale est faite d'abord aux erreurs courantes dans le domaine de l'expression orale, puis aux erreurs récurrentes dans le domaine de l'expression écrite. Nous expliquerons et analyserons le questionnaire adressé aux professeurs afin d'obtenir une synthèse de leurs expériences dans ce domaine. Enfin, nous présenterons quelques suggestions et recommandations qui visent à surmonter les erreurs

Abstract This study examines the ongoing ideological struggle between the right and left wings in politics, analyzing how political figures from both sides use language to construct agency, responsibility, and power. The research focuses on speeches by key leaders—Donald Trump, Nigel Farage, Bernie Sanders, and Jeremy Corbyn—through the lens of transitivity in Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), combined with insights from Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The study aims to answer the following research questions: (1) How do right and left-wing leaders use transitivity to frame agency and responsibility in their political speeches? (2) What are the differences in transitivity choices between right and left-wing rhetoric in both the US and UK? (3) How do these choices reflect broader ideological positioning?
The methodology involves a qualitative, descriptive analysis of selected speeches, using Halliday's transitivity model to identify and categorize material, mental, relational, verbal, behavioral, and existential processes. Concerning the findings, it is indicated that right-wing leaders (Trump, Farage) utilize to great extent the material processes where action and national sovereignty is the main issue. The left-wing leaders (Sanders, Corbyn), on the other hand, place greater emphasis on mental and relational processes. In other words, they focus on the social justice and economic reform. Furthermore, the results reveal that both US and UK political contexts affect greatly how leaders frame agency. Both Trump and Farage concentrate on action-oriented changes while Sanders and Corbyn emphasized the ideological beliefs and collective action. The analysis highlights the central role of language in shaping political discourse. For further research, the study recommends considering other political rhetoric studies within the endless ideological struggle between the right and left wing.
 

Abstract This research examines the portrayal of technological control in Dave Eggers's The Circle from the perspective of Martin Heidegger's concept of enframing. Heidegger contends that contemporary technology is not merely a collection of instruments, but a method of revelation that reduces humanity to a standing reserve. Thereby reducing people and nature to resources that can be manipulated by demonstrating how technology perceive people and the environment as resources that can be used for financial gain. The novel's portrayal of a society that is governed by algorithmic decision-making, datafication, and surveillance is indicative of Heidegger's apprehensions regarding the dehumanizing effects of technology. This research also illustrates the impact of technological domination on the loss of individual autonomy and authentic existence, as characters relinquish their agency to a comprehensive digital system. Utilizing the perspectives of Heidegger, Hubert Dreyfus, and Don Ihde, the study contextualizes "The Circle" within extensive philosophical discussions on the interplay between technology and human identity.  It also exemplifies the novel's critique of contemporary technological practices by illustrating their influence on human identity and existential authenticity. The objective of the investigation is to demonstrate that Heidegger's critique of technology, particularly his concept of enframing, provides a potent framework for comprehending the more profound philosophical implications of Eggers's dystopian world.

Abstract The article expresses a window of “theoretical” academic diligence, which means a specialty that has been developed in clinical practice “narrative medicine,” whatever its nature (medicine and nursing, clinical psychology, educational psychology, linguistics), and it combine literature and medicine through the pillars of narration. It is a recipe developed to value the human relationship between the therapist and the patient, whatever the circumstances. It is an employ of the faculties of Arabic literature and poetry to strengthen the components of the national identity, in which the relationship of human communication fuses, making it easier for the patient to express his groans and allowing the therapist to understand the wages of the one he meets in his clinic or clinic.
The narrative between medicine and literature allows performing the group of specialists in medical sciences and between practitioners in the fields of literature to serve the community to build sound social relations and an invitation to enhance multidisciplinary academic cooperation under the umbrella of cultural heritage and the sources of national identity.
 

Abstract Praise be to Allah, the Lord of all worlds, and may peace and blessings be upon the Seal of the Prophets and Messengers, our Master Muhammad, and upon his family, companions, and those who follow them with righteousness until the Day of Judgment. This research examines the study of the "Duality of Appearance and Concealment in the Poetry of Ali Ibn Jabalah Al-Akouk," an Abbasid poet known for his poetry that reflects the nature of life and existence through the depiction of the manifestations of appearance and concealment in his poems. The research focuses on analyzing poetic texts to uncover their artistic and aesthetic dimensions and emphasizes the semantic meanings carried by these two concepts to impart an aesthetic and philosophical depth to his poetry. The poet Ali Ibn Jabalah Al-Akouk was chosen as the subject of the research due to his distinctive artistic techniques, his eloquent poetic language, and his refined poetic style.As a result, the primary recommendations emphasize the significance of additional research, analysis, and development to increase success and compatibility while lowering the chance of contradiction and limiting risks. This is in addition to assessing utilization consequences, notably the influence on the competitive environment and the development of collaborative management in firms.

Abstract The research focused on the structural relationships between the five verses of Surat Al-Qadr, the eloquence of these relationships, and the precision of the Qur’anic expression. Every sentence of Surat Al-Qadr is a divine miracle in itself. This was achieved through studying the structure of rhetoric, meanings, and aesthetics in the blessed Surah. This study revealed an aspect of the Qur’anic miracle with which God Almighty challenged the Arabs to produce a Surah or a verse like it, but they failed to do so. The Qur’anic structure is clearly evident in its eloquence in the noble Surah through grammatical and rhetorical relationships. Every word has a position with its companion, thus revealing the secret of its strength and beauty. Exponentialism, interrogation, mentioning the specific after the general, and beautiful, uncontrived rhyme are all rhetorical arts that give the structure strength, coherence, and harmony, in addition to the styles of presentation, delay, and emphasis, which give it a distinctive beauty and elegance.

Abstract The study intends to examine the level of compatibility and its beneficial characteristics, as well as the degree of contradiction and its negative impact, in the pursuit of organizational goals in the face of severe competition and limited resources. This is the basis for the study hypothesis. An examination of earlier studies and varied international and Arab experiences yielded principles and features for both variables from an international perspective. According to the study's findings, the continuous use of artificial intelligence in servicing corporate governance should continue. The compatibility level between these variables was higher than the contradiction level. As a result, the primary recommendations emphasize the significance of additional research, analysis, and development to increase success and compatibility while lowering the chance of contradiction and limiting risks. This is in addition to assessing utilization consequences, notably the influence on the competitive environment and the development of collaborative management in firms.
 

Abstract The poetic image is formed through the interaction between the poet and the reader, where ideas and senses unite, leading to a convergence of visions that reflect the poet's ability to shape and express these images using various rhetorical devices based on aesthetic forms of visual contrast. These images are linguistic relationships shaped by the poet’s personal vision according to the demands of the situation, portrayed through his vivid imagination and sensory perception. Thus, he constructs imaginative mental images that evoke the qualities and bravery of the subject being praised. In Al-Mutanabbi’s poem that describes Shaʿb Buwān, poetic imagery is clearly manifested through a passionate introduction and vivid depictions of warfare, including scenes and vocabulary related to battles, such as weapons (swords, spears, horses, and shields). The poet portrays these either from battles he participated in or ones he witnessed, resulting in imagery filled with representations of the subject and his persona—reinforcing Al-Mutanabbi’s own pride in himself. Therefore, his poetry acquires characteristics of power and intensity, supported by similes and sensory imagery, enriched with artistic praise. The focus of this study is the image of Shaʿb Buwān, explored through various rhetorical forms. The research comprises an abstract, an introduction, and two main sections. Each section begins with defining the concept of "image" both linguistically and terminologically, setting the analytical framework developed by the researcher. The first section is dedicated to studying the poetic image according to the rhetorical criterion, particularly similes, metaphors, and metonymy. The second section addresses the poetic image from the perspective of the critical criterion, focusing on visual contrast in terms of: partial and holistic images, simple and single images, static and dynamic images, sensory and abstract images.The research thus adopts both critical and rhetorical levels of analysis to reveal the aesthetic aspects of poetic image construction, through a detailed rhetorical and critical analytical study of Al-Mutanabbi’s poem describing Shaʿb Buwān, and to extract the underlying meanings and implications embedded within it.
 

Abstract The study seeks to examine the poetic text (of King Yusuf III of Granada) and explore its connotations and hidden meanings, revealing the poet's self and its interaction with its surroundings, and what is related to his reality and personal identity, as a gifted human being who is empowered by the possibilities of uniqueness that distinguish him from others, or as a social being who lives in a group and belongs to it, and enters with it into the series of relationships created by the necessity of human society through the stages of social development; to reflect a sense of desire to take off and have an active presence through his interaction with his own personal issues, and his interaction with the issues of his society. The research was based on an introduction and two chapters, as the introduction included: defining the concept of the self in dictionaries of language and literature and approximating its concept; To harmonize with a high hierarchy the psychological atmosphere of the Andalusian poet, then the first section included: manifestations of the individual self and showing its value related to the self/ego through expressing it artistically and stating its human characteristics through the poet’s individual experiences, and the second section included: the blending of the individual self with the collective self with a permanent manifestation and stability, so it shows the ability to defend the country with the group, revealing the boasting of characteristics of high value in the Arab social concept, then the conclusion and the results reached by the research.
 

Abstract           The research aims to determine the extent to which middle school students use the Feynman strategy to improve their achievement in history. The research followed a descriptive and analytical research approach. The research tool, a questionnaire, was carefully calibrated and applied to the research archive (350) actual students in the sixth grade of middle school/literary branch in the Baghdad Governorate Education Directorate - Rusafa Classical Education (2023-2024). After collecting the data for analysis, the research results were:
The use of the Feynman strategy by sixth grade students in the literary branch in the Baghdad Governorate Education Directorate - Rusafa in improving their achievement in history was average. There are differences in the level of use of the Feynman strategy in improving their achievement in history attributed to the combined gender variable. There are differences in the level of use of the Feynman strategy in improving their achievement in history attributed to the variable of education type, specifically private education. The research recommended, after selecting a number of them, the necessity of adopting Feynman's strategy to improve the level of students' demand for learning history. Holding seminars and workshops for dance courses on applying Feynman's strategy in learning history. Preparing a student guide that includes a variety of self-learning topics, including "Choose Feynman.

Abstract The research dealt with the phenomenon of religious reference in Al-Ghazi’s poetry, relying on examples of his poetry, given the great importance of this reference for writers in general and poets in particular, with its two aspects (the Qur’anic reference and the reference of the Noble Prophetic Hadith). Religion is the cultural resource from which poets derive their ideas, as it is the heritage that established everything that was written after it. The research plan, according to our point of view, required that we divide it into two axes, which are (the Qur’anic reference and the reference of the Noble Prophetic Hadith). The poet has derived from this reference with its religious content everything that supports him in constructing the poetic text. The Holy Quran, its meanings, images and structures are the first source of Islamic culture, and everything else is subordinate to it, a branch based on it. It is also an arena for social and intellectual competition in its various aspects. It is the miracle that has no precedent or successor in the history of human spiritual life. It is the basic reference text that poets have been influenced by. There is no poet who has not quoted from its tributaries, and they have found in it material for their poems, as it enjoys a sacred aura and high rhetorical brevity. The poet, in his inspiration from the Quranic text, gives his texts semantic richness and opens up the scope for his poetic text to greater interpretation by the reader. The Quranic culture must be part of the poetic art that helps the poet express his poetic experience, so that the poetic style is closer to the understandings and minds of the people, provided that it does not deviate from the sanctity of the Quranic text and what is known, as this cultural stock is stuck in the collective memory of the individuals of the nation, so the poet tries to attract the attention of the recipient and enrich his creative text with it.
 

Abstract The research aimed to identify “the effect of the fruitful tree strategy on the achievement of fourth-grade primary school students in science.” To achieve the research objective, the researcher formulated one null hypothesis that was subjected to experimentation. The researcher used an experimental design with two equivalent groups with a post-test. The research sample consisted of (70) students who were intentionally selected from Al-Andalus and Al-Maymouna primary schools for boys, distributed into two groups, with (35) students for the experimental group, which was taught according to the fruitful tree strategy, and (35) students for the control group, which was taught according to the usual method. The researcher rewarded the two research groups in a number of variables, in addition to formulating (114) behavioral objectives according to the first four levels of Bloom’s classification. Special educational plans were prepared for the experimental and control groups. To verify the research objective, an achievement test consisting of (30) items was prepared, and its validity and reliability were confirmed, as its reliability value reached (0.82) using the equation (Kuder Richardson - 20), and it was applied to the research sample in the second semester of the academic year (2023-2024), and after collecting and analyzing the data statistically using the t-test for two independent samples, the results revealed the superiority of the students of the experimental group who were taught according to the fruitful tree strategy over the students of the control group who were taught according to the usual method in the academic achievement test, and in light of the results, the researcher recommended a number of recommendations and proposals.