Al-Noor Journal for Humanities

Abstract Abstract
The quality of the translation of safety manuals as a part of technical texts is one of the factors that can explain the extent to which the necessary protection is provided to workers in potentially dangerous areas, whether by working in a specific environment or using particular equipment or machines. However, this translation area has yet to be extensively researched. The importance of this study derives from the fact that translating safety manuals is a challenging task due to various challenges related to grammatical and linguistic differences between two languages, especially the issue of the absence of technical or scientific equivalence in the target language. This study will discuss the problems that may occur while translating technical texts, find solutions to them, and highlight the importance of the skills required by translators during this type of translation.

Abstract Abstract
This study aims at assessing and translating the verb Akhadha ‘أخذ’ in the Glorious Quran into English. Since the verb in question has several meanings in the Glorious Quran according to the context, it should be well treated by the translator of the religious texts in general and Quranic texts in particular. Therefore, a number of Quranic ayas that contain the verb will be selected and will be subjected to translation assessment in order to measure the accuracy of the translations of the verb ‘Akhadha’ in English. If the translations of the verb are inadequate, the researcher will give the suggested translations pursuant to the contexts of the said ayas. It is hypothesized that the translators of the Quranic texts including the verb in question might encounter difficulties in translating the verb and as corollary might produce inadequate translations as a result of the various rhetorical senses the verb has. Those rhetorical senses of the verb might be deemed as difficult for translators.

Abstract Abstract
The major objective of this paper is to shed a bunch of light on two contradictory personalities who are totally different in manners, behaviours, thinking, tendencies and above all response. These two characters are Emma, the innocent tender creature who has devoted all her youth and life to her husband Hardly who is in contrast to her selfish, nonchalant, careless and vain man. In the two poems, namely: "The Voice" and "After A Journey. "These two absolutely contradictory personalities are purely presented.

Abstract Abstract
The present book review introduces to the readers the main issues in the book, which are valuable to their educational goals. It helps to provide an objective evaluation of the contents of the book, its strengths and weaknesses, and explains how the book achieves its goals effectively. It critically presents an overview of this book, Michael McCarthy’s and Felicity O’Dell’s Academic Vocabulary in Use: Vocabulary reference and practice Self-study and classroom use. It is divided into units, sections, exercises and key answers, beside six reading texts; they all highlight the importance of contextual vocabulary to learners, scholars, and academics to achieve the appropriate way of writing and presenting texts in English. Due to the importance of the book, it can be recommended to be a teacher's guide to teaching essay writing at English departments.

Abstract Abstract
This study aims at revisiting the forms and functions of vocatives in English. Vocatives can be classified into different forms that perform two main functions in English viz, calling the addressee and maintaining the relationship, the former labeled as the identification function while the latter as the expressive function. The various forms of vocatives vary in fulfilling both functions. In addition, the expressive function of vocatives is governed by some factors such as the addresser, the addressee and the context or the situation in which the vocatives can be used.

Abstract This paper analyzes the mimicry, multiculturalism, the role of race, and the impacts of cultural colonialism on the inhabitants of India in Rudyard Kipling’s ''Kim'' and Arundhati ''Roy’s The God of Small Things'', highlighting colonial and postcolonial perspectives. Colonialism had diverse effects on the lives of the colonialized people. The researcher utilizes a qualitative analysis method to conduct this study and achieve its objectives. At the beginning, introductory notes about novels and novelists are given. Further, colonial and postcolonial concepts of multiculturalism and mimicry are elaborated. The findings of the study conclude that multiculturalism and mimicry hints are in abundance in both novels, which give rise to the issue of race and identity in the lives of the Indians. The effects of colonialism arouse the division between the white and the black, class and race between Indians and British on the one hand, and within classes in India on the other hand i.e. amidst touchable and untouchable within the same context and culture among Indians.

Abstract      The current research aims to identify the effect of teaching biology topics for the second intermediate grade using the Adelson model  and its impact on  develop their motivation to learn. To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher adopted the experimental research method and the researcher developed tow null hypotheses To verify them, a sample of second-grade middle school students at Al-Zuhur Middle School for Boys in the city of Mosul was selected for the academic year (2023-2024) A D. It was chosen intentionally from the research community, and the total amount of its member was (88) students, (44) students for the experimental group and (44) students for the control group. The experimental group studied the topics according to the Adelson model, while the control group studied the same topics in the usual way. Then, the researcher conducted the process of equivalence between the two groups in a number of variables, (namely age in a period lasting months, general average for the first intermediate grade, academic achievement in science for the first intermediate grade, IQ score, measure of motivation to learn beforehand).it is a measure of motivation for learning prepared by the researcher. Also, the scale consists of (30) items, the answer to which is graded in three responses of agreement is to an extent  of (large/medium/slight). The scale was characterized by honesty and reliability, which was extracted using the Cronbach equation, and its reliability coefficient reached 0.85. Its discriminatory power was also extracted and two items were deleted from the scale; because, it was within the acceptable range, so the scale became (28)items in its final form. The experiment was conducted starting from the first semester of the academic year (2023/2024). The researcher took steps for equivalence between the experimental and control groups, After working on the partenership they measure of motivation to learn before starting to conduct the experiment. Then, the researcher taught biology to the experimental and control groups starting from the date of (10/17/2023) and the experiment continued until today, Tuesday, corresponding to (1/2/2024). The conduct of the experiment took (11) weeks, then  a  motivation to learn was conducted post-hoc for the experimental and control research groups on (1/4/2024). The data was collected and analyzed statistically, using statistical methods such as the T-test for two independent and correlated samples, and finding the effect size of the independent variable on the dependent and other equations to extract the coefficient of difficulty, stability, and discriminatory power. The results were as follows:

There is a statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the average development scores of the students of the experimental group who studied according to the Adelson model and the students of the control group who studied according to the usual method in the measure of motivation to learn.
There is a statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the average scores of motivation to learn (pre and post) for the students of the experimental group that studied biology according to the Adelson model.

In the light of the research, the researcher came to the following conclusions, The effectiveness of Adelson's model in developing motivation to learning among second-year intermediate students. The researcher  suggested  titles related to the variables of his research, such as the effect of using the Adelson model in imparting the average of other styles of thinking second-year to students at different stages.                                                                          

Abstract Abstract
The aim of the current research is to investigate the effect of the active discussion strategy on the development of social intelligence among scientific fifth-grade students in biology. It is limited to a sample of scientific fifth grade students in the morning public schools of the Nineveh Education Directorate during the academic year 2022-2023. The researchers used a scale developed by Abdulsattar and Jassim (2015) consisting of 36 items as a tool for their research, ensuring its validity and reliability before applying it to the primary research sample. The findings reveal that active discussion strategy has a positive effect on developing social intelligence among scientific fifth grade students in the experimental group as compared with the control group. The study ends with some conclusions and recommendations.

Abstract Intellectual dialogue is a means to a higher goal, which is achieving rapprochement between different cultures and avoiding differences that lead to conflicts, wars and extremism. It functions as a mechanism or means to bridge divergent viewpoints and achieve communication and understanding between among coexisting groups, in the same place or across different regions. This is because the absence of cultural dialogue leads to the fragmentation societal unity and the social fabric. The rational behind lies in the fact that every culture has a way of life, customs and traditions that contribute to the formation of a special cultural framework and self-isolation, consequently leading to the fragmentation of the shared framework, which is the society or the state.  Intellectual dialogue promotes the recognition of the legitimacy of all cultures existing in society, develops the spirit of peace and societal coexistence among diverse groups and minorities, endeavors to identify the customs, values ​​and traditions of other cultures, and achieves equality and freedoms between all cultures existing within society and mutual respect between different cultures. It is not possible to imagine a true cultural dialogue without recognition of the principle of cultural diversity, as cultural diversity is an essential factor for mutual understanding, peaceful coexistence, progress in economic and social spheres, and protecting the heritage of all peoples whose intellectual, cultural and civilizational heritage is exposed to attempts to distortion, falsification, obliteration, and destruction .On the other hand, cultural diversity, which is a right of peoples, an innate nature in humans, a nature in life, and a rule in the universe, requires rapprochement between cultures. Hence, diversity is a reason for rapprochement, unlike closure, which leads to contraction resulting in the atrophy of cultures and the fall of civilizations.[1]
 
[1] Ibn Manzur, Dictionary of Lisan al-Arab, Dar Sader, Lebanon-Beirut, 1414.

Abstract Abstract:
This research addresses the issue of invoking heritage and its mechanism of deployment within theatrical texts, given the strong interactive relationship between the theatrical text on one hand, and the heritage material on the other hand. The latter acts as a raw source suitable for dramatic expression leading to the attainment of aesthetic space embodied through the integration of ancient heritage with a contemporary vision, thus achieving the highest levels of artistic utilization. The play "Al-Ushbah" by the playwright Haitham Behnam Burda has been chosen in this study as a procedural sample for application, as it contains dramatic qualifications suitable for the artistic utilization of heritage, especially in its popular dimension. The research revolves around two main axes: firstly, addressing the textual thresholds as they actively guide readers in revealing the implications of the text. Secondly, examining textual references through the study of the heritage material referenced in this sample, which is distributed among three forms: myth, folk tale, and religious stories. The research also employs a semiological-naturalistic approach, adopting the "Greimas" model in monitoring and tracking the central character's state and transitions according to the axis of the agent, subject, and stages of completing the narrative program associated with it.